Ilha de Hormuz

Ormuz (ou Hormuz) foi um importante entreposto comercial e cidade-portuária localizada na entrada do Estreito de Ormuz, entre o Golfo Pérsico e o Golfo de Omã, em posição estratégica para o controle das rotas marítimas entre o Oriente Médio, a Índia e o Sudeste Asiático. Historicamente, a cidade original de Ormuz estava situada no continente (próximo à atual Minab, no Irã), mas no século XIII foi transferida para a ilha de Gerun (ou Hormuz) por razões defensivas. Entre os séculos XIII e XVII, Ormuz floresceu como um centro de comércio internacional, atraindo mercadores árabes, persas, indianos e europeus. Foi famosa por sua riqueza, cosmopolitismo e controle sobre o comércio de especiarias, seda, pérolas e cavalos. Em 1507, foi ocupada pelos portugueses, que construíram a fortaleza de Nossa Senhora da Conceição e fizeram de Ormuz um ponto chave na sua rede de comércio marítimo no Oceano Índico. O domínio português durou até 1622, quando a cidade foi conquistada por forças persas safávidas, com apoio dos ingleses da Companhia das Índias Orientais. Com a perda de sua autonomia e o declínio das rotas comerciais, Ormuz perdeu gradualmente sua importância econômica e política, sendo hoje uma localidade histórica marcada por ruínas e memórias de seu papel como um dos mais importantes centros de comércio do mundo islâmico medieval e moderno.

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ÁsiaIrãHormozganPlace

coordinates

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